Shamanic drum journeys, also known as spirit journeys, have been practiced for millennia as a way to achieve deeper self-insight, healing, and contact with the spiritual realm. Modern science is now beginning to confirm how these practices affect both the brain and the body through measurable neurological and physiological mechanisms.
How drumming alters the brain's frequencies
Gamma waves and altered consciousness
Electroencephalography (EEG) studies of shamanic practitioners during drumming show a marked increase in gamma power (30-45 Hz), which correlates with visual changes and heightened attention. Gamma waves are linked to the integration of sensory information and cognitive processing, which may explain the vivid images and insights experienced during trance.
Beta activity and so-called criticality
Drumming also increases low-beta (13-20 Hz) and high-beta (21-30 Hz) activity, especially in areas linked to visual processing and emotional regulation. This coincides with increased criticality - a state in which the brain operates near an optimal point for information transfer, enabling flexible mental states and creative problem-solving.
Comparison with other states
Although shamanic trance shares features with psychedelic experiences (e.g. altered perception), it differs through unique EEG patterns. Psychedelics usually reduce alpha activity, whereas drumming preserves alpha and increases gamma/beta.
Can trance be used in trauma treatment?
Emotional processing and insight
During drumming, the diversity of signals in the gamma band is reduced, meaning the signals become more uniform, which can produce a feeling of deep insight. This can help individuals restructure traumatic memories by reducing overwhelming emotional activity and increasing cognitive flexibility.
Bodily release
The repetitive drumming rhythm creates a flow state that decreases activity in the amygdala (the fear center) and increases the connection between the cerebral cortex and the limbic system. This makes it possible to safely process unconscious traumas without feeling overwhelmed.
The drum's vibrations have an effect on the body
Stress reduction
Drumming lowers cortisol levels (the stress hormone) and stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system, which promotes relaxation. This can help break cycles of chronic stress linked to trauma.
Immune system and pain relief
Low-frequency vibrations (1-250 Hz) can affect the immune system in a positive way.
Cell regeneration and blood circulation
Vibrations stimulate the endothelial cells in blood vessels, which improves oxygen supply and tissue repair. This may explain reports of improved healing after prolonged drum therapy.
Practical guidance for using drumming in your own therapy
Preparation: Choose a safe environment and set an intention (e.g. "processing a memory").
Rhythm: Use a steady drumbeat to induce trance.
Duration: Start with 15-20 minutes and gradually increase to 45 minutes for a deeper effect.
Aftercare: Document your experiences in a journal to integrate the insights.
The content of this article is intended only as general information and inspiration. Shamanic drum journeys, spirit journeys, and other methods described here are not intended to replace medical treatment, psychological treatment, or other professional therapy. If you have mental or physical health challenges, it is always recommended to seek qualified healthcare professionals. Use of drum journeys or similar practices is at your own risk, and results may vary from person to person. For serious trauma, mental disorders, or acute health problems, you should always contact a doctor, psychologist, or other authorized practitioner.
References
Neural Correlates of the Shamanic State of Consciousness (PMC, 2021)
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience (2021)
Possible Mechanisms for the Effects of Sound Vibration on Human Health (PMC, 2021)
Exploring Shamanic Journeying: Repetitive Drumming with Instructions (PMC, 2014)
How Steel Tongue Drum Vibrations Heal the Body and Mind (Buddha3Bodhi, 2025)
The Science behind Shamanic Drumming (Starshine Roots, 2024)
